Energy storage is experiencing a major explosion in environmental protection. In response to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060, the country is vigorously developing the new energy industry. The first mover advantage of Chinese electric vehicles has formed the core competitiveness of Chinese electric vehicles, achieving overtaking on curves. As another trend in energy storage, on August 18, 2022, the Ministry of Science and Technology and nine other departments issued the Implementation Plan for Science and Technology to Support Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality (2022-2030). The plan proposes to develop efficient energy storage technologies such as compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, liquid and solid lithium-ion battery energy storage, sodium ion battery energy storage, and flow battery energy storage; Develop new energy storage application technologies such as large-scale energy storage for cascade power stations, as well as related energy storage safety technologies. Now, taking advantage of our advantages in batteries, we store new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics on the power supply side, perform peak shaving and valley filling on the grid side, and can be used in various scenarios on the usage side. Policies are being tilted towards the energy storage industry from the central to local governments. We believe that in the near future, our energy storage technology will conquer the world like electric vehicles.

The Convac constant pressure water replenishment vacuum degassing device consists of four parts: control unit, vacuum exhaust tank, expansion tank, and softened water device (optional). The vacuum jet tube is connected to the atmosphere, which can not only remove gases from the circulating water, but also remove gases from the supplementary water. Due to the fact that the gas solubility in the vacuum jet tube is much lower than that in the system, when the circulating water flows through the vacuum jet tube, the water undergoes gas-water separation in the vacuum, efficiently removing the gas carried in the water. The starting and operating conditions of this process can be optimized and set according to the different systems, through different exhaust programs.

The environmental storm that began in 2016-2017 has made many enterprises aware of the determination of the central government to govern the environment. In the past, production enterprises with environmental pollution faced shutdown and rectification, and outdated production capacity was forced to shut down without transformation. In the future, under the guidance of policies, inefficient and high polluting enterprises will undergo comprehensive transformation, creating a blue sky and white clouds in China. In the first year of the comprehensive implementation of coal-fired boiler heating replacement in rural areas starting in Beijing in 2016, many farmers used heat pumps and gas wall mounted boilers for heating in winter, completely abandoning coal-fired boilers. The haze in Beijing was further improved. In 2017, coal to electricity projects were fully launched in Hebei, Tianjin, Shanxi and other surrounding areas of Beijing, and air source heat pump heating was widely promoted as a preferred heat source.

In 2023, there have been new changes in the European heat pump market, with R32 refrigerant heat pumps gradually withdrawing from the market and being replaced by the new refrigerant R290. The ODP values (ozone depletion potential) of R290 and R32 refrigerants are both 0, and the GWP value (global warming potential) R290 is less than 20, far lower than R32's 675. However, R290 (the main component of propane) has a flammability level of A3, while R32 has a flammability level of A2L. The refrigerant charge of R290, a heat pump system with the same refrigeration capacity, is smaller than R32. As long as the refrigerant leakage of R290 is strictly controlled, from an environmentally friendly perspective, it is currently widely promoted in Europe. Refrigerant, R290 refrigerant not only has flammability, but when R290 leaks indoors and the human body inhales low concentrations of R290, it generally causes dizziness and headaches. If R290 is inhaled in large quantities, it may cause significant damage to the human body, mainly affecting the nervous system, skin, and mucous membranes. Therefore, how to solve the problem of R290 refrigerant not leaking indoors even if there is a leak is the focus of research by heat pump manufacturers.

With the rapid growth of heat pump dual supply systems in the home decoration market, some dealers engaged in hot water engineering or other businesses lack knowledge of the design and installation of dual supply systems. The installed dual supply systems have many problems, which bring a lot of troubles to users. This manual elaborates on the selection and installation of main water components from the perspective of dual supply water system safety, helping dual supply practitioners solve design and installation problems, and truly providing users with a safe, comfortable, and energy-saving dual supply system. A safe and fault free dual supply system needs to solve two major problems: first, to ensure the water flow required by the dual supply host, otherwise the host cannot work normally; second, to ensure that the water in the water system is clean and free of impurities, otherwise the heat exchange efficiency will decrease, energy consumption will increase, and there is also a risk of host failure. There are many factors that affect the water flow rate of the dual supply system, among which the main factor in the design of the water system is the incorrect estimation of the main engine, water pipe diameter, and pressure drop of various components, which leads to a serious discrepancy between the selected pump flow rate and head and the actual pipeline flow rate and pressure drop, resulting in the main engine flow rate being too small to work properly. Another issue is installation, especially the issue of hot melt overflow in PPR pipelines, which directly leads to a significant increase in water resistance of the pipelines. In addition, when selecting installation components, the impact of water resistance on the water system was never considered. Improper water replenishment, exhaust, filtration, etc. of the pipelines may also cause a decrease in the flow rate of the water system, prevent the main engine from working properly, and in severe cases, lead to the main engine being scrapped.